Out of the two database created on installation of Microsoft Dynamics CRM (MSCRM_CONFIG, MSCRM_orgname), MSCRM_CONFIG database stores the License Key used for the installation of your MSCRM.
You can use below T-SQL query to retrieve the value from Microsoft SQL Server.
USE MSCRM_CONFIG
SELECT LicenseKeyVSRTM, *
FROM ConfigSettings
crm backlog 
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